Person Page - 192

     Nikola Kumet was born circa 915. He was the son of Saint Boris Michael I, Khan of Bulgaria and Marija. Nikola Kumet became Aaron Amitopulos of Bulgaria's adoptive father.

     Saint Boris Michael I, Khan of Bulgaria was also known as Boris Michael Tzar of Bulgaria. He Boris I, baptismal name MIKHAIL, English MICHAEL (d. May 2, 907, Preslav[now Veliki Preslav], Bulgaria), khan of Bulgaria (852-889), whose longreign witnessed the conversion of the Bulgarians to Christianity, thefounding of an autocephalous Bulgarian church, and the advent of Slavonicliterature and establishment of the first centres of Slav-Bulgarianscholarship and education. Boris' active domestic and foreign diplomacywas of great importance in the formation of a united Bulgarian ethniccommunity, and it left lasting traces on Bulgaria's subsequentdevelopment. When Boris inherited the throne from his father, Bulgaria's territorial,military, and political potential had made it one of the largest statesin Europe. Bulgaria's approximate frontiers were the Dnieper River in thenortheast, the Carpathian Mountains in the north, the Tisa (Tisza) Riverin the northwest, the Adriatic Sea in the west, and the Tomorr (Tomor),Belasica, Pirin, Rhodope, and Strandzha mountains in the south. ManySlavic tribes lived within the boundaries of the state, together with theproto-Bulgarians, a tribe of Turkic origin that had settled in the BalkanPeninsula at the end of the 7th century. In view of the religious,ethnic, and language difficulties between the Slavs and the Bulgars, theintroduction of a common and compulsory religion for all subjects was oneof the principal preconditions for the formation of a united Bulgaria.Pagan Bulgaria needed to join the 'family of Christian states,' but theexistence of two competing centres of Christianity--Rome andConstantinople--made it difficult for Boris to make his choice. Borisoriginally intended to accept Roman Christianity, but an unsuccessful warwith the Byzantines forced him to adopt the Orthodox faith ofConstantinople (864). Boris (at his baptism he took the Christian nameMichael), his family, and the nobles who supported his policy werebaptized one night in secret by a Byzantine bishop and priests who hadbeen sent to Pliska, the Bulgarian capital. There was serious oppositionby both the nobility and the common people to Boris' attempt to enforcemass baptism. A pagan rebellion broke out, and Boris retaliated byexecuting 52 boyars, together with their families. Negotiations took place between Boris and Photius, patriarch ofConstantinople, on the status of the Bulgarian diocese but did not leadto the result expected by the Bulgarians. The Byzantines demanded thatthe Bulgarian church organization should be entirely subjected toConstantinople. Dissatisfied, Boris renewed his diplomatic contacts withthe West. In 866 he sent embassies to Pope Nicholas I (858-867) and toKing Ludwig of Germany. The Pope immediately responded by sending amission to Bulgaria. The Roman clergy's stay (866-870) soon became a sorepoint in the acute rivalry between Rome and Constantinople. But sincePope Nicholas I and his successor, Adrian II, proved dilatory on thequestion of church organization in Bulgaria (they hesitated over thecreation of an independent Bulgarian archbishopric), Boris again reopenednegotiations with Constantinople. The Bulgarian church question wasfinally solved at the eighth ecumenical council in Constantinople in869-870. Bulgaria was formally placed under the nominal ecclesiasticaljurisdiction of the patriarch of Constantinople but received anindependent archbishopric. The attempts of the popes to bring theBulgarian ruler back into the Roman church by pleas and promises ofconcessions continued until 882 but produced no results. Boris was quite active in inculcating the Christian faith among theBulgarian people, in organizing the Bulgarian church as an independentinstitution, and in building churches throughout the country. In 886 hegave asylum to Clement, Nahum, and Angelarius, the disciples of Cyril andMethodius, missionaries to the Slavs, who had been driven out of Moravia.With Boris' active assistance and material support, these disciplesfounded centres of Slavic learning at Pliska, Preslav, and Ohrid. As aresult of the intensive work of the Slav scholars, the Slavic languagereplaced Greek in church services and in literary life and became thecountry's official language. In 889 Boris I, whose faith apparently was deep and genuine, abdicatedand became a monk, but he retained the right to take an active part inthe government of the state. Boris' eldest son and heir, Vladimir(889-893), abandoned his father's policy and became the instrument of apagan reaction and a leader of the opponents of Slavic letters andliterature. Boris then returned to active politics. With the aid of loyalboyars and the army, Boris drove his son from the throne. Vladimir wasblinded, unfitting him for rule, and was replaced by Boris' third son,who ruled as Symeon the Great (893-927). Boris afterward retired to hismonastery, making generous grants to the Bulgarian Church and patronizingSlav scholarship. He was canonized by the Orthodox Church, and his feastis celebrated on May 15 (new style; May 2, old style). [EncyclopaediaBritannica CD '97, BORIS I] He was born before 852. He was the son of Pressian Khan of the Bulgars. Saint Boris Michael I, Khan of Bulgaria died in 907. He died on 2 May 907.

     Marija was born circa 835.

     Vladimir Khan of Bulgaria was born before 864. He was the son of Saint Boris Michael I, Khan of Bulgaria and Marija.

     Symeon 'The Great', Khan of Bulgaria was the son of Saint Boris Michael I, Khan of Bulgaria and Marija. Symeon 'The Great', Khan of Bulgaria Simeon I, by name SIMEON THE GREAT (b. 864/865--d. May 27, 927), tsar o fthe first Bulgarian empire (925-927), a warlike sovereign who nevertheless made his court a cultural centre. Educated in Constantinople (now Istanbul), Simeon succeeded his father, Boris I, in 893 after the short intervening reign (889-893) of his dissolute elder brother, Vladimir. His dominant ambition, which was to himself ascend the imperial throne of Byzantium -- an aspiration afterward shared by many Bulgarian tsars --led Simeon to embark on many wars with the Byzantine Empire (894, 896, 913,917, 923). He never took Constantinople, although it was more than once at his mercy; but he took for himself the title of 'Tsar of All the Bulgarians' (925) and raised the archbishop of Bulgaria to the rank of a patriarch. In the Balkans he extended the power of Bulgaria over south Macedonia, south Albania, and Serbia, which became his vassal; but Bulgaria's dominion north of the Danube was probably lost during his reign. Simeon was twice married and left four sons, of whom the second, Peter I, succeeded him. Symeon 'The Great', Khan of Bulgaria was also known as Simeon Tzar of Bulgaria. He died after 927.

     Henri I, Duke of Brabant was born in 1160 at Brabant, Belgium. He was born in 1165 at Brabant, Belgium. He was the son of Godfrey III, Duke of Lorraine and Margaret. Henri I, Duke of Brabant married Maud d'Alsace, daughter of Matthieu d'Alsace Count of Boulogne and Marie Countess of Mortain & Boulogne, in 1179. Henri I, Duke of Brabant died on 5 September 1235 at Koln, Germany.

     Maud d'Alsace was born circa 1163 at Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, France. She was the daughter of Matthieu d'Alsace Count of Boulogne and Marie Countess of Mortain & Boulogne. Maud d'Alsace married Henri I, Duke of Brabant, son of Godfrey III, Duke of Lorraine and Margaret, in 1179. Maud d'Alsace died in 1211.

     Marie Countess of Mortain & Boulogne was also known as Marie Abbess of Romsey. She was born circa 1137 at Blois, Loir-et-Cher, France. She was the daughter of Stephen King of England and Mathilde I, Countess of Boulogne. Marie Countess of Mortain & Boulogne died in 1182 at St Austrebert, Eure-et-Loir, France.

     Godfrey III, Duke of Lorraine was born in 1142 at Brabant, Belgium. He was the son of Godfrey II, Duke of Lorraine and Luitgarde von Moha & Sulzbach. Godfrey III, Duke of Lorraine married Margaret, daughter of Henri II, Duke of Limburg and Maud, before 1155. Godfrey III, Duke of Lorraine died on 10 August 1190.

     Margaret was born in 1135 at Lorraine, France. She was the daughter of Henri II, Duke of Limburg and Maud. Margaret married Godfrey III, Duke of Lorraine, son of Godfrey II, Duke of Lorraine and Luitgarde von Moha & Sulzbach, before 1155. Margaret died in 1172.

     Godfrey de Brabant was born in 1186 at Brabant, Belgium. He was the son of Henri I, Duke of Brabant and Maud d'Alsace.

     Marle de Brabant was born in 1188 at Brabant, Belgium. He was the son of Henri I, Duke of Brabant and Maud d'Alsace. Marle de Brabant died between 21 January 1252 and 1253.

     Marie de Brabant was born in 1190 at Brabant, Belgium. She was the daughter of Henri I, Duke of Brabant and Maud d'Alsace. Marie de Brabant died in 1260.

     Marguerite de Brabant was born in 1192 at Brabant, Belgium. She was the daughter of Henri I, Duke of Brabant and Maud d'Alsace. Marguerite de Brabant died on 21 September 1231 at Gelderland, Netherlands.

     Alix de Brabant was born in 1194 at Brabant, Belgium. She was the daughter of Henri I, Duke of Brabant and Maud d'Alsace.

     Mathilde de Brabant was born circa 1200 at Hertogenbosch, Noord Brabant, Netherlands. She was the daughter of Henri I, Duke of Brabant and Maud d'Alsace. Mathilde de Brabant died on 21 December 1267.

     Ida de Flanders was born circa 1161 at Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, France. She was the daughter of Matthieu d'Alsace Count of Boulogne and Marie Countess of Mortain & Boulogne. Ida de Flanders died in 1216.

     Henri II, Duke of Limburg was born circa 1111 at Lorraine, France. He was the son of Walram II, Duke of Limburg and Jutta von Wassenburg. Henri II, Duke of Limburg married Maud, daughter of Adolf von Saffenberg, in 1136. Henri II, Duke of Limburg died in August 1167.

     Maud was born circa 1113 at Lorraine, France. She was the daughter of Adolf von Saffenberg. Maud married Henri II, Duke of Limburg, son of Walram II, Duke of Limburg and Jutta von Wassenburg, in 1136. Maud died between 2 January 1144 and 1145.

     Mathilde I, Countess of Boulogne was born circa 1105 at Boulogne, Pas-de-Calais, France. She was the daughter of Eustache III, Count of Boulogne and Mary Princess of Scotland. Mathilde I, Countess of Boulogne married an unknown person before 1125. She died on 3 May 1151 at Hevringham Castle, Essex, England.

     Eustach IV, Count of Champagne was born circa 1130 at Blois, Loir-et-Cher, France. He was the son of Stephen King of England and Mathilde I, Countess of Boulogne. Eustach IV, Count of Champagne died on 11 August 1153 at Bury Abbey, Bury-St Edmunds, Suffolk, England.

     Maud de Blois died at Aldgate, London, Middlesex, England. She was born in 1131 at Blois, Loir-et-Cher, France. She was the daughter of Stephen King of England and Mathilde I, Countess of Boulogne.

     Baldwin de Blois was born circa 1133 at Blois, Loir-et-Cher, France. He was the son of Stephen King of England and Mathilde I, Countess of Boulogne. Baldwin de Blois died on 2 December 1135 at Aldgate, London, Middlesex, England.

     Guillaume Count of Mortain & Boulogne was born circa 1139 at Blois, Loir-et-Cher, France. He was the son of Stephen King of England and Mathilde I, Countess of Boulogne. Guillaume Count of Mortain & Boulogne died on 11 October 1159 at Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France.

     Berengaria Princess of Navarre was born circa 1163 at Pamplona, Galicia, Spain. She was the daughter of Sancho Garcia V, King of Navarre and Sancha Princess of Castile. Berengaria Princess of Navarre married an unknown person on 12 May 1191 at Limassol, Cyprus. She died circa 1230 at Abbey de Espans, Sarthe, France.

     John Clifford was born circa 1276 at Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England. He was the son of Roger de Clifford and Isabel de Vipont. John Clifford died before 1282.

     Roger de Clifford was also known as Roger III de Castile de Clifford. He was born in 1243 at Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England. He was the son of Roger de Clifford and Loretta de Loretto. Roger de Clifford was born circa 1244. He married Isabel de Vipont, daughter of Robert de Vipont and Isabel FitzJohn, in 1269 at Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England. Roger de Clifford died on 6 November 1282; Unknown GEDCOM info: Drowned.

     Roger de Clifford was born circa 1295 at Appleby Castle, Westmoreland, England. He was the son of Roger de Clifford and Isabel de Vipont. Roger de Clifford died after 1320.

     Iodiona de Clifford was the daughter of Roger de Clifford and Isabel de Vipont.

     Isabel de Vipont was also known as Isabella de Vipont. She was born in 1254 at Ricester, Oxfordshire, England. She was the daughter of Robert de Vipont and Isabel FitzJohn. Isabel de Vipont married Roger de Clifford, son of Roger de Clifford and Loretta de Loretto, in 1269 at Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England. Isabel de Vipont died on 14 May 1292.